Soil compaction is the process
whereby the soil particles are mechanically constrained to pack closely
together through a reduction in the air voids. Compaction is measured in
quantities in terms of dry density of the soil. The increase in the dry density
of soil produced by compaction depends on the type of soil, on its water
content, and on the amount and manner of application of the compacting energy.
In the field, soil is compacted with
varies types of compaction plant such that: rollers (smooth-wheel, sheep foot,
or pneumatic-tired) which utilize high static pressure for compaction, this
type can be used for cohesive soils.
The laboratory testing basically
involves compaction of soils, at different water content, in a standard manner.
The values of dry density obtained are plotted against water content. The water
content corresponding to the maximum value of dry density is referred to as the
optimum water content.
Modified proctor test named for
engineer Ralph R. Proctor (1933), is one of the most common laboratory methods
of determination of the dry density water content relationship, which was
developed to give a higher standard of compaction for airfield construction.
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